Today's English notes--小笨霖英语学习笔记36
103. 美语活起来三
1. You do the math. 你自已算算看吧。 --How long have you been waiting at the airport? --I came here at 9 am, and now it's 3 pm. You do the math. 也可以用 You do the calculation. 但这样的用法远不及 You do the math. 来得普遍。 2. Take a number. 拿个号码牌(到后面慢慢排队去)。 发号码牌的系统 take-a-number system
3. She has your eyes. 她有着一双跟你一样的眼睛。
4. I trust your mouth. 我不怕吃你的口水。 用于吃别人吃过或喝过的饮料时 5. Don't jump the gun before you really know what's going on. 在你真正知道发生什么事之前别太早生气。 所以 jump the gun 运动比赛中在正式呜枪之前就先偷跑,日常生活中指太早行动 start too early。还常指一个人在不明究理的情况下乱发脾气 get mad at someone too early 6. Scratch the Saturday thing. 星期六我不行。 scratch something 取消、删除原来的计划。用法上跟我们常讲的 forget十分类似。例如本来约好明天要去看电影,但你临时想取消,这时你可以说 Let's forget it. 或 Let's scratch the plan. 7. My dad lives vicariously through me. 我的父亲藉我的身上来完成他的梦想。 形容词 vicarious 指的是「替代别人的」,或是「经由他人的经验而间接感受」。 8. She writes like a third grader! 她的作文程度跟个国小三年级学生一样差! I'll obey you like a pupil obeys his teacher. 9. It's 6 or 7 miles max. 最多就是六七英哩。 We need nine people minimum.
10. I eat more pasta than all other foods combined. 我吃的面食比其它所有种类的食物加起来还要多。 My parents plan to earn 3,000 combined.
104. 住在美国
1. Do you have any apartments for rent right now? 你们现在有没有公寓要出租啊? Do you have any apartment available right now? / Do you still have a vacancy? 同样的问法也常见于去旅馆「开房间」时, Do you have any rooms available? / Do you still have a vacancy? 不过很多旅馆特别是 Motel,招牌下都会挂一个 No Vacancy 的灯,如果还有空房间,则 No 是暗的,只见 Vacancy 的灯是亮着。如果客满的话,则整个 No Vacancy 的灯都是亮着的。 如果对方的确有公寓要出租,那我们就可以紧接着问对方 What kind of apartment do you have? 如果很不巧的房子刚租出去 (lend out),要不换别家试试,再不然再确认一下 When would you say that there would be an apartment available again? 那你觉得什么时候才会有房子空出来呢? 2. I'd like to rent either a studio or a one-bed room apartment. 我想租一间小套房或是有一房一厅的公寓。 美国的房子一般可分为下列几种,house 是独栋的房子,通常有好几个房间,车库,通常家家户户都还有自己的草坪和院子。condominium (常简称 condo),公寓,一栋建物里分属不同的住户,而且住户通常拥有房子的产权。townhouse 则是相连的透天住户,通常只有很小的院子,但房子本身都有二到三层楼,以充份利用空间。 但一般刚来美国的人住的都是 apartment。美国的 apartment 通常是由专门的租赁公司来经营管理,所以常常是整个社区的 apartments 都是用来出租的。住户一般并没有产权,你真的想买他们也不会卖给你。社区内一般都规划有网球场、游泳池、健身房跟洗衣房等设施 (住户通常不被允许私购洗衣机,一来是安全考量,二来是为了增加收入)。一般而言,住 apartment 是最便宜的。等到稍有经济基础了,小孩也有了,一般人就会想买个 condo 或是 townhouse 定居下来。至于拥有一间 house,则是很多人口中所谓的 American dream (美国梦)。 如果公寓再细分的话,通常有 studio (或称 efficiency,套房)、one-bedroom (一房一厅) 跟 two-bedroom apartment (二房一厅) 这几种。差别在于 studio 的客厅厨房和卧房是连在一起,它除了浴室之外没有其它任何隔间。 3. What's the rent on that? How much is the deposit? 租金是多少?押金又是多少? How much is the rent? / How much is it per month? 4. Do I have to sign a twelve-month lease? 我要签十二个月的租约吗? How long the lease is gonna be? Do I have to sign for a one-year term? Do I get an extra month free?
5. How many square feet is that studio? 那间套房有多少平方英呎? How big is that apartment? 6. Is there a view from there? 从那里有任何视野吗? 一般人喜欢住的房子都是展望好,采光佳。「展望好」可以简单地说 Is there a view from there? / Does it have a view? 注意一下,受到母语干扰的关系,很多人会说成 Is there any view from there? 这里用 any view 是不对的,要用 a view 才行。 至于采光的话我们可以用到 natural light (自然光) 或是 sunlight (阳光) 这两个字。 Does the apartment get much natural light? / Does the room receive much sunlight? 7. Is it furnished? 有附家俱吗?
8. I live on campus now but I plan to move to an apartment off-campus in six months. 我现在住在学校,但我打算在六月后搬进学校外的公寓。 live on campus 多半都是指大学生住在大学的宿舍 (dorms) 或是兄弟姐妺会 (fraternity/sorority) 的宿舍 (Greek house),一般高中生如果住校的话,则多半是因为他们这个学校是一个寄宿学校 (boarding school),也就是强迫学生一定要住校。因为是强迫性质的,所以很少老美会说 I live in a boarding school. 他们会简单地说 I went to a boarding school. 这在和老美的对话中常会听到。 --Where are you from? --I am from Florida originally, but I went to a boarding school in New Jersey for three years. 9. What utilities am I responsible for? 我要负担哪些公共设施? Are utilities included? Do you use electricity or gas for water heater? 此外不一定包含在 utilities 的民生必需品则是 cable TV service, phone 和 internet connection service。 I also need cable, what number do you think I should call? 10. All right, I'll take it. I'll see you in the rental office. 好的,我决定要它了,我再去租赁办公室找你。
105. 爬山
1. We need to go back down. 我们该下山了。 We need to go back down. 这句话值得学习之处在于,老美常常在 go 或是 come 之后连放两个副词来同时表达「方向」和「目地」。例如在同样的句子我可能会说 We need to go back. 或 We need to go down. 但我就不会想到把 back 和 down 连用便成了 We need to go back down. 这样子用法的好处在于可以同时表达出,「回去」和「下去」这两个概念。 Come back over here. 2. We have folks passing us. 有人要超过我们。 folks 这个字指的是一群人,跟 people 的意思是差不多的。但是 folks 这个字的好用之处在于,它可以用来指一群跟自己有点关系,但又称不上是 friends 的人们。
3. How far did you go? 你们走到多远? 当一条漫漫山路怎么走也走不完的时候,这时迎面走来的人就成了最好的询问对象了!标准的问法可以说 How far did you go?/ How much further is it? / How much longer is it? / Are we close yet? 而我最怕听到的回答则是 You are not even close!
4. There are six of us. 我们有六个人。 How many people have ever seen whales? / How many of you have ever seen whales?" 5. The ground is hollow. 这个地面是空心的。 我觉得很空虚 I feel empty/hollow. 但似乎 I feel empty. 用的人比较多一点。 6. He is fighting. 他在挣扎。 struggle 在日常生活对话当中是不常听到的,美国人比较喜欢用 fight 这个字。 verbal fight 专指「吵架」,而 physical fight 则专指「打架」。 The verbal fight turned into a physical fight after they both got drunk. 7. We have to get to the foot of the mountain before it gets dark. 我们必须在天黑前下到山脚下。 山脚下 foot of the mountain 山的底部bottom of the mountain,例如有一批宝藏被埋在山的最底部,才可以说 The treasure is buried at the bottom of the mountain. top/shoulder/foot of the mountain 8. Just stay put, all right? I'll come and find you. 站在原地别动,好吗?我过去找妳。 stay put 停在原地,等于 Stay where you are. / Don't move. 注意到这句话当中另一个中文和英文的细微差异了没?他是说 come and find you 而不是说 come to find you。中文里因为我们常讲「去作什么什么」,所以很自然的英文一出口就变成了 come to blah blah blah. 事实上,come to 后面加的应该是名词,例如 come to my house,come to a park 等等,但是如果 come 后面接的是动词,中间应该用的是 and 连接,例如 come and pick you up, come and watch TV 等等。而 go 的用法跟 come 类似,相同的规则也可以用在 go 这个字上面。 9. I like hiking in the mountains during holidays. 我喜欢在假日时去登山。 mountain climbing 技术攀登
10. You can borrow some backpacking gear from us if we go together next time. 如果下次你要跟我们一起去爬山的话,可以跟我们借装备。 gear 是一个集合名词 (通常不再用复数型),这个字原指一些小工具或是有特定用途的机械装置,而在口语的用法上,gear 常被用来取代 equipment 这个比较绕口的字。例如老美常用的有 fishing gear、backpacking gear、camping gear 等等。 跟 gear 类似的还有一个字 kit 也很常见,但 kit 指的是整组的工具,通常是一整套的,例如 camping kit 里面应该会包含帐篷,睡袋,炊具等等整组的露营用品,而分开来看每一项的物品都称为 gear。
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